V. I. Lenin

THE AGRARIAN PROGRAMME
OF SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY
IN THE FIRST RUSSIAN REVOLUTlON,
1905-1907



Written in November-December 1907
 
First published in 1908
(confiscated); published in 1917
in book form by Zhizn i Znaniye

Published according   
to the manuscript.   
Checked with the text   
of the 1917 edition   
 



From V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, 4th English Edition,
Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1972

Vol. 13, pp. 217-431.

Translated from the Russian by Bernard Isaacs
Edited by Clemens Dutt


Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, djr@cruzio.com (September 1997)

THE AGRARIAN PROGRAM OF SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE FIRST
  RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 1905-07
 

Chapter I. The Economic Basis and Nature of the Agrarian
      Revolution in Russia


220

   1.
2.
3.
4.
 
5.
6.
7.
8.
 

Landownership in European Russia
What Is the Struggle About?
The Cadet Writers Obscure the Nature of lhe Struggle
The Economic Nature of the Agrarian Revolution and Its
Ideological Cloaks
Two Types of Bourgeois Agrarian Evolution
Two Lines of Agrarian Programmes in the Revolution
Russia's Land Area. The Question of the Colonisation
Summary of the Economic Deductions of Chapter I
 

220
225
231
 
234
238
243
247
254
 

Chapter II. The Agrarian Programmes of the R.S.D.L.P. and
      Their Test in the First Revolution


255

1.
 
2.
3.
 
4.
5.
6.
 
7.
 
8.
 
 

What Was the Mistake in the Previous Agrarian Pro-
grammes of Russian Social-Democracy?
The Present Agrarian Programme of the R.S.D.L.P.
The Chief Argument of the Municipalisers Tested by
Events
The Agrarian Programme of the Peasantry
Medieval Landownership and the Bourgeois Revolution
Why Had the Small Proprietors in Russia to Declare in
Favour of Nationalisation?
The Peasants and the Narodniks on the Nationalisation of
Allotment Land
The Mistake Made by M. Shanin and Other Advocates of
Division
 


255
258
 
261
267
272
 
276
 
284
 
287
 

Chapter III. The Theoretical Basis of Nationalisation and of
      Municipalisation


294

1.
2.
3.
 
4.
 
5.
 
6.
7.
 
8.
 

What Is Nationalisation of the Land?
Pyotr Maslov Corrects Karl Marx's Rough Notes
Is It Necessary to Refute Mars in Order to Refute the
Narodniks?
Is the Repudiation of Absolute Rent Connected with the
Programme of Municipalisation?
Criticism of Private Landownership from the Standpoint
of the Development of Capitalism
The Nationalisation of the Land and "Money" Rent
Under What Conditions Can Nationalisation Be Brought
About?
Does Nationalisation Mean Transition to Division?
 

295
300
 
307
 
311
 
313
316
 
318
323
 

Chapter IV. Political and Tactical Considerations in Questions
      of the Agrarian Programme


325

1.
2.
3.
 
4.
 
5.
 
6.
7.
8.
 

"A Guarantee Against Restoration"
Local Self-Government as a "Bulwark Against Reaction"
The Central Authority and the Consolidation of the Bour-
geois State
The Scope of the Political, and of the Agrarian Revolu-
tions
A Peasant Revolution Without the Conquest of Power by
the Peasantry?
Is Land Nationalisation a Sufficiently Flexible Method?
Municipalisation of the Land and Municipal Socialism
Some Examples of the Muddle Caused by Municipalisation
 

325
332
 
337
 
344
 
351
355
358
363
 

Chapter V. Classes and Parties in the Debate on the Agrarian
      Question in the Second Duma


366

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
 

The Rights and the Octobrists
The Cadets
The Right Peasants
The Non-Party Peasants
The Narodnik Intellectuals
The Trudovik Peasants (Narodniks)
The Socialist-Revolutionaries
The "Nationals"
The Social-Democrats
 

368
374
380
383
388
394
400
405
414
 

Conclusion
 

421

POSTSCRIPT
 

430

NOTES




Total land area

Including

Including

Population
in 1897

Square
versts
(thous.)

Dess.
(mill.)

Lands of
which no
data are
available
(mill.
dess.)

Lands
regis-
tered
(mill.
dess.)

Arable

Mead-
ows

For-
ests

Total

Total
(thous.)

Per
sq.
verst

Million Dessiatins

10 gubernias in King-
  dom of Poland
38 gubernias west of
  the Volga
12 gubernias north
  and east of Volga
Total for 50 gubernias
  of European Russia
Caucasus
Siberia
Central Asia
Total for Asiatic
  Russia
Total for Russian
  Empire*


111.6
 
1,755.6
 
2,474.9
 
4,230.5
411.7
10,966.1
3,141.6
 
14,519.4
 
18,861.5


11.6
 
183.0
 
258.0
 
441.0
42.9
1,142.6
327.3
 
1,512.8
 
1,965.4


--  
 
--  
 
--  
 
--  
22.1
639.7
157.4
 
819.2
 
819.2


11.6
 
183.0
 
258.0
 
441.0
20.8
502.9
169.9
 
693.6
 
1,146.2


7.4
 
93.6
 
22.3
 
115.9
6.5
4.3
0.9
 
11.7
 
135.0


0.9
 
18.7
 
7.1
 
25.8
2.2
3.9
1.6
 
7.7
 
34.4


2.5
 
34.0
 
132.0
 
166.0
2.5
121.0
8.0
 
131.5
 
300.0


10.8
 
146.3
 
161.4
 
307.7
11.2
129.2
10.5
 
150.9
 
469.4


9,402.2
 
--    
 
--    
 
93,442.9
9,289.4
5,758.8
7,746.7
 
--    
 
125,640.0


84.3
 
--
 
--
 
22.1
22.6
 0.5
 2.5
 
--
 
 6.7

   * Exclusive of Finland.



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From Marx
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