V. I. Lenin

NEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
IN PEASANT LIFE

(On V. Y. Postnikov's Peasant Farming in South Russia)



Written in the spring of 1893
First published in 1923

Published according to the
manuscript



From V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, 4th English Edition,
Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1965

First printing 1960
Second printing 1963
Third printing 1972

Vol. 1, pp. 11-74.


Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, djr@cruzio.com (November 1997)

NEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN PEASANT LIFE


I.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
II.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
III.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
IV.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
V.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .

13
17
32
43
69

NOTES



Peasant groups

AVERAGE ARABLE PER HOUSEHOLD
(dessiatines )

Berdyansk Uyezd

Melitopol Uyezd

Dnieper Uyezd

Allot-
ment

Pur-
chased

Rent-
ed

Total

Allot-
ment

Pur-
chased

Rent-
ed

Total

Allot-
ment

Pur-
chased

Rent-
ed

Total

Cultivating no land
  "  up to  5 dess.
  "   5 to 10  "
  "  10 to 25  "
  "  25 to 50  "
  "  over 50  "

 6.8
 6.9
9
14.1
27.6
36.7

 3.1
 0.7
--
 0.6
 2.1
31.3

 0.09
0.4
1.1
4  
9.8
48.4 

10  
8.0
10.1
18.7
39.5
116.4

 8.7
 7.1
9
12.8
23.5
36.2

 0.7
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 1.5
21.3

--
 0.4
 1.4
 4.5
13.4
42.5

9.4
7.7
10.6
17.6
38.4
100 

 6.4
 5.5
 8.7
12.5
16.6
17.4

0.9 
0.04
0.05
0.6 
2.3 
30  

 0.1
 0.6
 1.6
 5.8
17.4
44  

 7.4
 6.1
10.3
18.9
36.3
91.4

Per uyezd

14.8

 1.6


21.4

14.1

 1.4

 6.7

22.2

11.2

  1.7

 7.0

19.9


Berdyansk Uyezd


Melitopol Uyezd


Dnieper Uyezd

Arable


Arable


Arable

% of
renting
house-
holds

per
renting
house-
hold
(dess.)

Price
per
dess.
(rubles)


% of
renting
house-
holds

per
renting
house-
hold
(dess.)

Price
per
dess.
(rubles)


% of
renting
house-
holds

per
renting
house-
hold
(dess.)

Price
per
dess.
(rubles)

Cultivating up to
            5 dess.
  "   5 to 10  "
  "  10 to 25  "
  "  25 to 50  "
  "  over 50  "


18.7
33.6
57  
60.6
78.5


 2.1
 3.2

16.1
62  


11   
9.20
7.65
6.80
4.20


|
|
|
|
|


14.4
34.8
59.3
80.5
88.8


3
 4.1
 7.5
16.9
47.6


5.50
5.52
5.74
6.30
3.93


|
|
|
|
|


25  
42  
69  
88  
91  


 2.4
 3.9
 8.5
20  
48.6


15.25
12   
 4.75
 3.75
 3.55


Per uyezd

44.8

11.1

5.80

|

50  

12.4

4.86

|

56.2

12.4

4.23

Peasant groups

Berdyansk Uyezd

Melitopol Uyezd

Dnieper Uyezd

All three Uyezd

No. of
renting
hhlds

Dess.
rented

Per
renting
hhld
(dess.)

No. of
renting
hhlds

Dess.
rented

Per
renting
hhld
(dess.)

No. of
renting
hhlds

Dess.
rented

Per
renting
hhld
(dess.)

No. of
renting
hhlds

Dess.
rented

%

Per
renting
hhld
(dess.)

Cultivating up to  5 dess.

39

66

 1.7

24

383

16  

20 

62

 3.1

83

511

1

 6.1

    "     5 to 10  "

227

400

 1.8

159

776

 4.8

58 

251

 4.3

444

1,427

3

 3.2

    "    10 to 25  "

687

2,642

 3.8

707

4,569

 6.4

338

1,500

 4.4

1,732

8,711

20

 5.0

    "    25 to 50  "

387

3,755

 9.7

672

8,564

12.7

186

1,056

 5.7

1,245

13,375

30

10.7

    "    over 50  "

113

3,194

28.3

440

15,365

34.9

79

1,724

21.8

632

20,283

46

32.1

  Totals

1,453

10,057


2,002

29,657

14.8

681

4,593

 6.7

4,136

44,307

100

10.7


Total in group
cultivating 10
to 25 dess.

Distribution of the number of dessiatines cultivated

With own aninals

By yoking

With hired
aninals

By other
means

Hhlds

Dess.

Hhlds

Dess.

Hhlds

Dess.

Hhlds

Dess.

Hhlds

Dess.

Melitopol
Uyezd
Dnieper
Uyezd


13,789
 
8,234


226,389.21
 
137,343.75


4,218
 
4,029


79,726.55
 
71,125.2


9,201
 
3,835


141,483.26
 
61,159.05


321
 
320


4,405.8
 
4,352.5


49+
 
50 


773.3
 
707.25

Peasant
Groups

% of
total
hhlds

Allotment land

Purchased land

Rented land

Leased
land

Total land in
use by group

Sown area

Dess.

%

Dess.

%

Dess.

%

Dess.

%

Dess.

%


Poor
 
Middle
 
Prosperous
 


39.9
 
41.7
 
18.4
 


56,444.95
 
102,793.7 
 
61,844.25
 


25.5
 
46.5
 
28  
 


2,003.25
 
5,376   
 
26,530.75
 


 6
 
16
 
78
 


7,838.75
 
48,397.75
 
81,645.95
 


6
 
35
 
59
 


21,551.25
 
8,311   
 
3,039.25
 


44,735.7 
 
148,256.45
 
166,981.7 
 


12.4
 
41.2
 
46.4
 


38,439.25
 
137,343.75
 
150,614.45
 


11
 
43
 
46
 

Total

100

221,082.9 

100

33,910   

100

137,882.45

100

32,901.5

359,973.85

100

326,397.45

100



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