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Terms: women

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  • File Name: CSSUi.76ii.html
    Modified: 31 July 2017
    Title: Class Struggles in the USSR: 1917-1923 -- Part 2
  • 2 Occurence(s) of the search term womenDescription:
    Others, especially in the big industrial centers, had left the ranks of the working class, owing to unemployment or the food shortage, and gone back to their native village.At the same time, men and women of bourgeois and petty bourgeois origin, who were usually hostile to the dictatorship of the proletariat, had made their way into the ranks of the working class so as to take advantage of the higher rations available to manual workers, or to conceal their class origi.     Amidst a population of 136 million, of whom about half were of working age, the number of those who made up the active nucleus of the new ruling class were thus small; and this was so even if one adds to the workers actually employed in 1922 the former workers who were ready to go back to their old places in productio

  • File Name: CSSUi.76iii.html
    Modified: 31 July 2017
    Title: Class Struggles in the USSR: 1917-1923 -- Part 3
  • 2 Occurence(s) of the search term womenDescription:
        The process whereby the effective authority of the local page 272 soviets passed to the central organs of government and, still more, to the central administrative machine, affected adversely the working people's interest in the functioning of the basic soviet organ.As a result, the soviets were not a system of government by the masses, as Lenin recorded when he wrote, in March 1919: "The Soviets, which by virtue of their programme are organs of government by the working people are in fact organs of government for the working people by the advanced section of the proletariat, but not by the working people as a whole."[42]     A decree of the Sovnarkom in April 1921 sought to increase participation by women workers and peasant women in the executive committees of the soviet.They were to be employed in administrative capacities, either on a temporary basis or permanentl

  • File Name: CSSUii.77iii.html
    Modified: 31 July 2017
    Title: Class Struggles in the USSR: 1923-1930
  • 2 Occurence(s) of the search term womenDescription:
    Thus, despite protests from the trade unions, in most textile mills the workers had been obliged to work two half-shifts a day, each of three and a half hours, which disrupted their live.We find in the press of the time many protests against the way that shiftwork was being introduced,[62] and against the consequences of nightwork for young persons and pregnant women.[63]     A new source of discontent among the workers was thus created which made them readier even than before to challenge some of the decisions taken by the heads of enterprise.Faced with this questioning of their authority, many of the latter, and many engineers, refused to accept that the workers over whom they had hitherto exercised power should dare to criticize their decisions and their behavio

  • File Name: CSSUii.77iv.html
    Modified: 31 July 2017
    Title: Class Struggles in the USSR: 1923-1930
  • 2 Occurence(s) of the search term womenDescription:
    However, the "presence" of the Party among the workers varied a great deal as between industrie.In the principal industries it averaged out at 10.5 percent, with a maximum figure of 13.5 percent in the oil industry and a minimum figure of 6.2 percent in the textile industry,[23] which was largely staffed by women.[24]     The percentage of Party members was higher in the industries where skilled workers were employed than in those where the work force consisted of unskilled worker.Observable also are big geographical variations: the percentage of Party members in the working class was very high -- 19 percent, in Leningrad, as against only 9 percent in Moscow and much lower percentages in most of the other citie

  • File Name: CSSUii.77vi.html
    Modified: 31 July 2017
    Title: Class Struggles in the USSR: 1923-1930
  • 2 Occurence(s) of the search term womenDescription:
    Many of them died on the way, from cold, hunger, or diseas.Anna Louise Strong wrote: "Several times during the spring and summer I saw these echelons moving along the railroad: a doleful sight, men, women and children uprooted."[207]     Sometimes only the women and children were exiled, since the head of the family had been arrested; at other times, entire families were exiled; and at yet other times, the children were left behind, to become beggars and tramps (besprizornyie ).[208]     Such activities (which were denounced in March 1930) played a considerable role in the collectivization campaign of the winter of 1929-1930, and seriously affected the quality of the kolkhozes formed under such coercio.Thus, writing of collectivization in the Ural region, the agrarian journal Na Agrarnom Fronte said: "The local organisations in the rural areas found in dekulakisation a powerful means for drawing peasants into the kolkhozes and for changing some kolkhozes into commune


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