File Name: Other/PH72.html
Modified: 29 July 2003
Title: Politics and History
12 Occurence(s) of the search term FranceDescription:
23 January 1968
page 187
Index
abstraction, 20, 27, 29, 31, 38, 43,
46, 58, 67, 178-9
Africa, 14, 18
alienation, 114, 119-23, 126-9,
135-8, 140-5, 148, 151, 153,
176,179, 182-184
Althusser, Louis, 113n
On the Materialist Dialectic, 169;
For Marx, 173; Reading Capital,
113n, 165, 170-1; Lenin and
Philosophy, 113n
angels, 32, 61-2, 69, 74
Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham Hyacinthe,
cinthe, 75
Législation Orientale, 75
anthropology, 176-7, 182
application, 171-2
Aquinas, St Thomas, 32
Aristides, 64
aristocracy, 61, 63, 65, 101n
Aristotle, 113
articulation, 132, 153
atheism, 21, 24, 179
Athens, 11, 64
Augustine of Hippo, St, 32
Babeuf, François Noël (Gracchus),
169
Badiou, Alain, 165, 165n
Bayle, Pierre, 24
Bergson Henri, 163
Bible, 19, 21
bodies, intermediary, 66-8, 73, 85,
93, 157
Bodin, Jean, 17
Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, 19, 21
Boulainvilliers, Henri comte de, 82,
97
bourgeoisie, 27, 96-105, 101n, 175
Bourgogne, Louis de France duc de, 82,
82n
Brunschvicg, Léon, 163
capitalism, 83, 186
Carthaginians, 14
Cassirer, Ernst, 51, 132
The Philosophy of the Enlightenment,
51
chance, 18, 47, 123
Chevallier, Jean-Jacques, 44
China, 22-3, 75, 78, 82, 165
Christianity, 22-4, 56
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 85n
citizen, 46, 55, 62-3, 65, 150,
157-8
class (social), 65, 72, 93, 101-2,
150-1, 153-5, 159, 165
feudal, 83, 93, 102-3, 105
clergy, 66-7, 69, 77
climate, 23, 36, 44, 53-8, 60, 75,
118
cogito, 113, 180
combination, 96, 186
combinatory, 186
commerce, 44, 53-5, 59n, 61, 77,
100, 100n
commoners, 19, 97-8
Communists, 168
community, 126, 129-30, 133, 135-
7, 140-1
Comte, Auguste, 17
concept, 18, 29, 59, 132, 172
Condillac, Étienne de, 179
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas
marquis de, 96
consciousness, 50, 74, 128
constitution, act of, 132-4, 144, 153
Constitutions,
American, 88; English, 86, 88, 94-5,
105; French, 88
continents, scientific, 166-7, 186
contract,
juridical, 125-6, 129-33, 135-40;
social, 25-9, 41, 95, 104, 113-
14, 116-17, 119-20, 123, 125-
33, 135-138, 140-2, 144, 146-
8, 154, 160
contradiction, 49-51, 53, 58, 74,
118, 121-2, 127-8, 135, 149,
151, 176, 181
conversion, 62-3, 74, 143
Cornu, Auguste, 176
corruption, 49, 52, 56, 82,
customs, 19, 47, 56, 156
page 188
decrees, 146-7
deism, 21
democracy, 61-5, 69, 77
denegation, 114, 130-1, 133-4, 140,
152-154
Derrida, Jacques, 184
Descartes, René, 20, 27, 27n, 32-3
113, 167, 180
desire, 81
despot, 62, 66-7, 69, 76-8, 81, 84,
91, 93, 98
despotism, 37, 41, 45-6, 48-9, 51,
54-5, 57, 61, 64-5, 68-9, 75-
7, 79-80, 82-86, 82n, 91-5,
91n, 106, 136
determination, 51-2, 56, 58, 165
in the last instance, 53, 57
dialectic, 51, 57-9, 121-2, 168,
172-5, 180-1
Hegelian,170-3, 175-6, 180, 184;
Marxist, 172
Diderot, Denis, 96, 179
dimensions of a State, 54-5, 61, 65,
75
discrepancy, 113-15, 113n, 128,
130-3, 139-40, 151-3, 159
Discrepancy I, 113-14, 128-9, 132,
135, 138-40, 144-5, 153;
II, 114, 140-1, 144-5, 153;
III, 114, 145, 151, 153-154;
IV, 114, 154-5
displacement, 174
doléances, 83
domination, class, 153
Dubos, Jean Baptiste, 98
Durkheim Émile, 17
École Normale Supérieure, 113n, 163
economy, 44, 53, 63, 77, 102, 157-9
mercantile, 99-100, 102-3; political,
59, 59n, 166, 169-70
education, 39, 47, 62-3, 69, 80, 150,
155-157
effectivity, 53-4, 138, 143
egoism (amour propre), 120-1
Eisenmann, Charles, 88-91, 88n, 91n,
96
Encyclopedists, 98, 104
Engels, Friedrich, 168-9, 175-6, 180
England, 82n, 86-7, 105n, 169-70
enlightenment, 50, 58, 101, 150, 155
Epicurus, 53
epistemology, 27, 166
equality, 26-7, 41, 77, 142-3, 148,
154, 157-8
error, 20, 35-6, 38-40, 48
essence, 20, 27, 34, 48-9, 179
estates, 26, 62, 67-9, 73-4, 85, 85n,
150, 153-5, 157-8
Euclid, 17
exchange, 114, 125-7, 129-30, 135-
6, 138, 140-5, 153
executive, 87-90, 89n, 90n, 92, 92n,
146
existence, conditions of, 46, 58-9, 86,
133, 135
extraction, 172
fact, 20-1, 24, 28-31, 35, 37, 47,
152
factor, 44, 55, 58
Faguet, Émile, 61
fear, 45-6, 48-9, 51, 55, 76, 80
Fénélon, François Salignac de la Motte,
82
festivals, 156-7
feudalism, 26-9, 36, 44, 62, 65, 82-
3, 97, 99-106
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 172, 176-82
Principles of the Philosophy of the
Future, 177; The Essence of Chris-
tianity, 177
forces, productive, 165
form, 129-30, 141, 147, 149
formalism, 45-6 48
formation, social, 166
Fourier, François Marie Charles, 169
France, 11, 83n, 104, 169-70, 185
Franks, 35, 72
freedom, 18, 26, 41, 50, 54, 64, 78,
83, 87, 92n, 118-20, 122, 124,
126-8, 132, 135, 141, 144, 154,
157, 176, 178
Freud, Sigmund, 163, 168, 174, 185
Galileo (Galileo Galilei), 166, 168
Generalities I, II and III, 169-70
generality/particularity, 80, 146-7,
149, 159
Germany, 104, 169-72 175
God, 18, 32-5, 39-41, 47, 66, 123
goods, 116, 118-21, 124, 140-1, 157
government, 29-30, 37, 41, 43-8,
50, 52, 54-6, 58, 60-1, 63, 65-
6, 75-6, 78, 81, 82n, 85, 92n,
98, 146
forms of, 44-6, 49, 51-3, 56, 59-
60, 87; nature of, 37, 44-55, 57-
8, 65-7,
page 189
73, 98; principle of, 37, 44-53,
56-60, 65, 67, 70, 73, 80
great, the, 19, 65, 73, 84-6, 85n, 89n,
93, 98
Greece, Ancient, 19, 35, 61, 105n, 166
Grotius, Hugo (Huig de Groot), 17, 19,
117, 126-7
groups, social, 150-9
harem, 77, 81
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 48, 62,
72, 79, 115, 128,132-3, 163-4,
167-185
The Phenomenology of Mind, 163;
Science of Logic, 171
Hegelians, Young, 176
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 18, 96, 106
Réflecions Morales, 106n
historicism, 175
history, l9-24, 28, 30, 34-5, 38-9,
43-4, 47-50, 53, 83, 93, 95, 97-
8, 107, 122, 154, 164-5, 168,
179-82, 185
end of, 26, 50; motor of, 50-1; philo-
sophy of, 166, 181; science of, 18-
21, 24, 30, 38, 58, 99, 164, 166-
7, 185; theory of, 20, 50-1, 54,
59, 74, 88, 173, 181
Hobbes, Thomas, 17-20, 22, 24-8, 41,
47, 71, 118, 125, 135-7
De Cive, 20; Leviathan, 20
honour, 45-6, 48-9, 51, 65, 70-4, 80
humanism, theoretical, 176, 180
Husserl, Edmund, 133, 163
Hyppolite, Jean, 163-4, 182
Idea, 178-80, 182-4
idealism, 27, 29, 38, 44, 172-3,
177-80
ideology, 19, 28, 50, 99, 104, 132,
152-5, 157, 159, 166-9, 172,
175-6, 178, 185-6
imaginary, 18
India, 14, 18
individual, 118-24, 128-32, 135-8,
140, 142-4, 147, 150-1, 153,
168-9
forces of, 118-24, 129, 144
intellect, 175, 178
intellectuals, 167-8, 186
interest, 18, 103, 120, 138, 142-4,
150
class, 153; general, 102, 143, 145,
147-154, 156; group, 151-3,
157, 159; particular or private,
49, 72, 81n,
120-2, 124, 143-5, 147-8,
150-3, 156-7
International, Second, 165
inversion, 171-4, 178
Japanese, 23, 75
judiciary, 87-90, 89n, 90n, 92-3,
92n
jurists, 21, 70, 88, 125
justice, 47
Kant, Immanuel, 113, 115, 132-3,
137, 143, 164, 178-80
king, 61, 65-7, 69-70, 73, 78, 82n,
84, 86, 88, 91-4, 96-8, 101-6,
105n, 117, 126-7
knowledge, 17, 22, 35, 38, 40, 59,
99, 166, 178
labour, division of, 158
Lachelier, Jules, 163
Lanson, Gustav, 27n
law,
divine, 31-3, 35, 39-40; feudal, 36,
44; fundamental, 62, 65-7, 70,
76, 85n, 125; object of, 147; pos-
itive, 19, 21-2, 28-9, 31-41,
43-7, 50-8, 61-7, 70, 72-3,
76-7, 80, 89-91, 89n, 90n, 91n,
100n, 117, 132, 145-147, 149,
156, 158; scientific, 20-1, 24,
30-9, 41, 49-50, 54, 70, 101n;
spirit of, 35, 37
legislator, 31, 37-8, 40, 58, 65, 156
legislature, 87-90, 89n, 90n, 92,
92n, 94, 105n, 146
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr
von, 18, 25
Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 113n, 163,
165, 168-9, 171-2, 175, 180
What the 'Friends of the People' are,
171; Materialism and Empirio-
criticism, 175; Philosophical
Notebooks,
liberty, see freedom
limit, 75-6, 82, 117-18, 122-3,
128
literature, 160
Locke, John, 25-6, 117
logic, 182-4
Louis I, le Débonnaire, 98n
Louis XIII, 93
Louis XIV, 75, 82n, 83-4, 98
Louvois, François-Michel le Tellier
marquis de, 83n
page 190
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 17, 24
Mahometanism, 23, 55
man, 18-25, 31-6, 38-41, 43, 45,
47, 56, 59, 69, 74, 118-19,
127, 154, 168, 176, 178-82
manners and morals, 19-20, 23, 36,
43-4, 53, 55-60, 63, 133,
155-6
Mao Tse-tung, 165
Martin, Jacques, 163
Marx, Karl, 50, 53, 81, 101n, 163-
74, 176, 178-83, 185-6
1844 Manuscripts, 176, 180; Theses
on Feuerbach, 167, 176; The Ger-
man Ideology, 101n; Capital, 169-
73, 81, 185-6; Afterword to Cap-
ital, 171-2, 174-5
Marx, the Young, 176
Marxism, 164, 175
materialism, 172-3
dialectical, 164, 167, 175; historical,
65; mechanistic, 44; metaphysical,
175
mathematics, 17-18, 166-7
Mathiez, Albert, 106
Menddssohn, Moses, 172
mercantilism, 100
Meslier, Jean, 104
metaphor, 68, 166, 173
method, 17, 20, 27-9, 36, 43
minister, 83, 88-9, 89n,
mirror couple, 152-3, 185
modality, 35-6, 137, 174
mode of production, feudal, 159
model, 17, 20, 27, 33, 48, 86, 88
moderation, 69, 74, 87, 91-2, 92n,
94
monarch, 67-8, 85n
monarchy, 45-6, 48-9, 51, 54-5,
61-2, 65-70, 74-5, 77, 80,
85-8, 85n, 92, 92n, 94-5, 97,
100n, 102, 105n
absolute, 27, 66, 82-3, 97-9,
101-3
money, 44, 54
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 18
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat baron
de le Brède et de, 11, 13-15, 17-
25, 27-54, 57-9, 59n, 61-8,
70-2, 74-8, 80, 82-98, 101n,
104-7
his parti pris, 14-15, 29, 41-2, 59-
60, 86, 94-5, 105-7; and religion,
13, 21-4; and the social contract,
25, 28-9, 41-2, 95
The Persian Letters, 28, 82n; Voyages,
64n; Notes on England, 105n; Mes
Pensées, 57n; Considerations on the
Causes of the Grandeur and Declen-
sion of the Roman Empire, 21n, 49,
91n; The Spirit of Laws, 11, 22,
24, 28-9, 31-6, 40, 43-5, 47-9,
52-8, 59n, 62, 64-6, 70-3, 76-
80, 81n, 84-6, 84n, 85n, 89n, 91,
91n, 92n, 93-4, 97-8; A Defence
of the Spirit of Laws, 19n, 21-2,
31; Spicilège, 82n
morality, 21-4, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39-
41, 55, 62, 70-3, 82n, 120, 132-
3, 143, 154, 178
movement, workers', 164-5, 168
Nation, Hegelian, 132-3, 182
natural law, school of, 25, 27, 29, 31,
33, 37, 47, 125
nature, 18, 26-7, 32-3, 39-42, 57,
59, 116-18, 138, 178, 180,
182-3
human, 40-l, 127, 143-4, 148, 181;
state of, 25-9, 118-21, 153-4
necessity, 20-1, 30, 33, 47, 58-60,
67, 69, 144
negation, 175
of the negation, 181-4
Newton, Isaac, 20, 27, 32, 34, 34n, 59n
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 178
nobility, 51, 65-70, 72-4, 77, 84,
86, 89-91, 89n, 93-4, 96-8,
100-1, 103-6, 105n
norm, 33, 37, 39-40
notables, 63-4, 69, 85, 104, 105n
Object, 173, 185
object,
Montesquieu's, 18-20, 22, 27, 34-6,
38-9, 43, 91; philosophical, 113,
132-3, 138, 180
objectivity, mirror, 178-9
opinion, public, 156-7
orders, see estates
origin, 173, 184
outlook, world, 172
parliament, 13, 66, 87-8, 105n
party (to a contract),
recipient, 125, 128-33, 135-6,
138-40, 144-5, 153; third,
136-8
party (political), 150-1, 155
page 191
Communist, 165
Pascal, Blaise, 21, 72
passion, 35, 40, 45-6, 49, 63-4,
71-4, 76-77, 80-1, 84-5, 85n,
89n, 93, 104
peasants, 55, 73, 83, 104
people, 46, 63-4, 70-1, 74, 79, 84-
6, 85n, 89n, 91-4, 101, 103-4,
105n, 117, 125-7, 130-2, 135,
147-50, 155-6
common, 64-5, 104-5
Persians, 75, 82n
phenomena, 34
phenomenology, 133, 164, 178
philosophers, 18, 31, 125, 168, 177,
181
philosophy, 17, 22, 29, 40, 113-14,
132, 134, 137, 152-3, 163, 165,
167-8, 173-4, 176, 178, 180,
185-6
classical German, 169-70, 177-80;
practice of 174
physics, 17-18, 20, 27, 31-2, 36,
166-8, 185
Aristotelean, 18, 168
Plato, 17, 47, 113, 167
Poincaré, Henri, 78
politician, 21-3
politics, 18, 21-3, 28-9, 31, 34, 38-
9, 41, 46, 53, 61, 71, 73, 76, 82,
87, 91, 104, 114, 132, 164, 186
science of, 17-Z2, 24, 29-30, 38,
103-104, 154
polygamy, 21-2, 34n
population, 44
Porschnev, Boris Fedorovich,102-3
possession, 140-2
power (pouvoir), 45-6, 64, 66, 68-9,
73-74, 77, 83, 87-8, 90-2, 90n,
96-7, 101-2, 101n, 104, 150n,
115, 136, 141, 153, 157, 168
absolute, 136-7; division of, 65, 88,
90-3, 96, 103, 106; encroachment
of, 88-90, 90n, 92; separation of,
86-8, 90-2, 96, 101n
practice, 132, 149, 154-5, 158-9,
168
political, 38; theoretical, 169-70,
173
Prélot, Marcel, 75, 75n, 87n, 94n,
prince, 67-9, 72-4, 77-8, 83-6, 92-
3, 92n, 98, 100n, 125, 135-8
problematic, 26, 29, 114-15, 131,
180
process, 181-2, 185-6
without a subject, 182-5
production,
petty artisanal, 158-9; relations of,
165, 186
property, 47, 65, 77, 140-1, 157,
159
psychoanalysis, 166, 174
puissance, 90-3, 90n, 92n, 96-7,
103-4, 105n
Pultova, battle of, 21n
reading, 115, 132-3, 143
reason,18, 20-1, 33, 37, 50, 63-4,
69-70, 72-4, 152, 175-6, 178
pure and practical, 177-8; ruse of, 70
Reformation, 19
relations,
human, 18, 25-6, 31, 62, 118; social,
25, 122, 143, 168
relativism, 175
religion, 19, 21-4, 29, 31, 39-41,
44, 53-7, 62, 71, 73, 76, 133,
154-7, 178
representation, political, 63-4, 87, 94,
105n
repression, 114,
republic, 37, 45, 48-50, 54, 56, 61-3
65-6, 69, 73-5, 80, 85-6, 85n,
Revolution,
Chinese, 168; French, 96-7, 99, 104-
106, 163; (1848), 177; (1917),
168
revolutions, popular, 77, 85, 85n, 93
Ricardo, David, 169, 171-3
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis
Cardinal de, 61, 83n
Robespiare, Maximilien Francois Marie
Isidore de, 106
Rome, Ancient, 19, 28, 36, 44, 49-51,
56-7, 61, 64-5, 85n
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 25-6, 28-30,
39, 62-3, 77, 104, 113-17, 119-
20, 125-7, 129-38, 140-1, 143-
5, 147, 149-59, 179
Discourse on Inequality, 28, 118-19,
133, 147, 154, 157-9; La Nouvelle
Heloïse, 160; The Geneva Manu-
script, 148; The Social Contract, 63,
63n, 115-21, 116n, 123-7, 130,
132, 140-4, 148-52, 154, 157-
8; Émile, 29-30, 30n, 125-6,
126n, 130, 157, 160; Confessions,
160
rupture, epistemological, 166
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy
comte de, 169
page 192
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy duc de,
82, 97
scepticism, 20-1
science, 17-23, 29, 31, 34, 38-9,
98-9, 165-6, 168, 172, 185-6
history of, 166, 168; human, 167-8;
social, 18, 20, 167-8
scientist, 23, 37-9, 59
self-respect (amour de soi), 119-20,
122, 143, 154
Simon, Richard, 21
sin, original, 21
Sinnlichkeit, 178-9
Sino-Soviet dispute, 165
Smith, Adam, 59n
The Wealth of Nations, 59n
sociability, natural, 26-7, 29
socialism, 83, 169-70, 186
society, 20, 23-5, 28-9, 32, 34-5,
40, 45, 57n,72,78, 80, 101-2,
116-17, 120-121, 143, 148,
152-3, 155-6
civil, 125, 136, 138; origins of,
25-6, 28-9, 116-17, 121,
125, 148
sociology, 23-4, 36
Socrates, 80, 164
soil, 36, 44, 53-5, 57-8
Solon, 11
sovereign, 62, 69, l30, 136-8, 141,
146-148, 153
Spaniards, 14
Spinoza, Baruch de, 17-22, 24-6,
28, 32, 41, 172
Theologico-Political Treatise, 20,
32, 32n; Political Treatise, 18,
20
spirit of a nation, 54, 56-8
Spirit, Objective, 132, 182
Staël, Anne Louise Germaine de,
Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich, 165,
181
State, 19, 46-7, 49-54, 57-8, 62-
3, 65, 67, 72-4, 76, 82, 85n,
89n, 94, 100, 102-4, 106,
125, 130, 150-3, 156-7, 176
feudal, 100-1
structuralism, 186
structure,
in dominance, 173; social, 69, 76-
8, 94, 173
struggle, class, 164, 168, 170-1,
186
Subject, 173, 182-5
Transcendental, 113, 180
subjects (of a State), 31, 55, 62, 69,
76-8, 81, 85n, 89n, 92n, 138,
147
succession, law of, 36, 44, 66, 76
teleology, 29, 33, 173, 181-4
tendency, 172-3
theologian, 22-4, 31,
theology, 21-2, 178
theory, 20, 36, 103-4, 113, 115,
153-4, 159-60, 169
Marxist, 164-5
torture, 41, 105
totality, 46-52, 54, 58, 61, 132, 137
expressive, 52
transformation, 173
truth, 70-3, 79, 134, 173
Tullius, Servius, 65
Turks, 22-3, 75, 82, 82n
typology, 43-4, 48, 50, 53, 67
tyrant, 76, 78-9, 81, 83-5, 158
unconscious, 36, 38, 74, 128, 174
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 165
union of theory and practice, 165
value, labour theory of, 170
Vaughan, Charles Edward, 25
Venice, 75, 90n, 91
Versailles, 83, 103
Vico, Giambattista, 25
Vietnam, 165
virtue, 22, 41, 45-6, 48-51, 56,
61, 63, 65, 69-74, 80, 82
vizirate, 66, 76-8, 83
Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de, 11,
59n, 96, 104
voting, 65, 117, 148-9,
war, 47, 56, 82n, 83, 105
state of, 25, 118-23, 127-8, 136-
8, 142-3
will,
general, 63, 114, 142-3, 145, 147-
52, 154-5
particular, 14, 45, 147-5, 156-7
word-play, 35, 37, 128, l30, 132,
153, 179
Xenophon, 64
From Marx to Mao
Other Documents
Reading Guide
.
Politics and History
Louis Althusser
Politics and History
Montesquieu,
Rousseau, Hegel and Marx
Translated from the French by Ben Brewster
'Montesquieu: Politics and History' first published
by Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1959,
© PUF,1959; 'The Social Contract' first published in
Cahiers pour l'Analyse, no. 8: L'Impensé de Jean-
Jacques Rousseau, n
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